There are many types of fuel cells, but they all consist of an anode, a cathode, and. Table i lists the various types of fuel cells along with electrolyte used, operating temperature, and electrode. Fuel cells are divided into different types, based on the electrolyte used. Alkaline fuel cell an overview sciencedirect topics. Apr 22, 2016 the chapter concludes with a summary of the relative merits of each of the primary fuel cell types. New type of fuel cell produces electricity directly from. Sumit thakur ece seminars fuel cell seminar and ppt with pdf report. The fuel cell stack utilizes a hydrogen rich gas stream, and there are several approaches to supplying the hydrogen onboard the vehicle. Polymer electrolyte membrane is also known as proton exchange membrane fuel. Pdf fuel cells and their applications researchgate. Fuel cell based power generation has been proposed to be applied in transport and distributed energy supply.
Fuel cell, any of a class of devices that convert the chemical energy of a fuel directly into electricity by electrochemical reactions. Fuel cell type common electrolyte operating temperature typical stack size efficiency applications advantages disadvantages polymer electrolyte membrane pem perfluoro sulfonic acid 50. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells provide highpower density and the advantages of low weight and volume compared to other types of fuel cells. Also referred to as proton exchange membrane fuel cells, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells employ porous carbon electrodes containing a platinum catalyst and a solid polymer as the electrolyte. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. It is the first type widely used on space applications 37, 41. Grove utilized four cells, each containing hydrogen and oxygen, to produce electric power which was then used to split the water in. Fuel cells convert energy from a fuel into electricity via an electrochemical reaction. There are many fuel options available such as compressed hydrogen, liquid hydrogen, propane, natural gas as well as many other fuel types.
A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a chemical reaction. Finally, attention is given to the integration of the fuel cells into complete systems. Because of that each type has a different electrochemical reaction, catalylist material, fuel required, temperature range and applications. Every fuel cell also has an electrolyte, which carries electrically charged particles from one electrode to the other, and. Increasing the number of cells increases the voltage. Fuel cell efficiency since fuel cells use materials that are typically burnt to release their energy,gy, y the fuel cell efficiency is described as the ratio of the electrical energy produced to the heat that is produced by burning the fuel its enthalpy of formation or. A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel often hydrogen and an oxidizing agent often oxygen into electricity through a pair of redox reactions. It is one of the most mature cell types and the first to be used commercially, with over 200 units currently in use.
Nrel researchers are working to unlock the potential of hydrogen as a fuel and to advance fuel cell technologies for automobiles, equipment, and buildings. However, the development of fuel cell is still in its early stages, which must overcome. British physicist william grove used hydrogen and oxygen as fuels catalyzed on platinum electrodes in 1839. Ammonia as a fuel cell fuel very mild enthalpy of reforming nh 3 is a liquid at room temperature and 10 atm power density is comparable to other liquid fuels vaporizes when throttled no flash line required essentially nonflammable, nonexplosive 180 kwh of electricity from 15 gallons ammonia 38 kg with 50% efficient fuel cell system. Fuel cells are mainly classified by the characteristics affecting their performance like the type of catalysts, electrolyte used, the fuel required and. Grove utilized four cells, each containing hydrogen and oxygen, to produce electric power which was then used to split the water in the smaller upper cell into hydrogen and oxygen. These devices are capable of converting chemical energy into electrical energy, or vice versa. The nonstandard fuel cell types include direct liquid. The reactions that produce electricity take place at the electrodes. A fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases energy as heat energy or to be used for work. Fuel cell engine technology hydrogen fuel cell engines and related technologies. Fuel cell systems can be designed for both indoor and outdoor installation, and in close proximity to sensitive environments. The dynamic behavior of fuel cells is of importance to insure the stable operation of the fuel cells under various operating conditions. Every fuel cell has two electrodes called, respectively, the anode and cathode.
Since publication of the first edition offuel cell systems explained, three compelling drivers have supported the continuing development of fuel cell technology. Electrochemical cell definition, description, types. Fuji electric has commercialized phosphoricacid fuel cells. Basics of fuel cells, types of fuel cells, and various fuel cell applications. Such gases are sources of potential heat energy or light energy that can be readily transmitted and distributed through pipes from the point of origin directly to the place of consumption. Fuel cell systems are a clean, efficient, reliable, and quiet source of power. The general concept of a fuel battery, or fuel cell, dates back to the early days of electrochemistry. But before highlighting differences, ponder a similarity among all. The temperature is high enough to be used for additional power production through cogeneration of steam. A fuel cell is composed of an anode, cathode, and an electrolyte membrane. Progress and accomplishments in hydrogen and fuel cells pdf. An introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology by brian cook, heliocentris vancouver, canada whereas the 19th century was the century of the steam engine and the 20th century was the century of the internal combustion engine, it is likely that the 21st century will be the century of the fuel cell. In the1960s, international fuel cells in windsor connecticut developed a fuel cell power.
The choice of gasflow arrangement depends on the type of fuel cell, the application, and other. Wilder its first worth ones while to explore how five current types of fuel cell vary from one another, in key ways. The cell he demonstrated was very simple, probably resembling this. Devices that convert chemical energy directly into electricity and heat, with high efficiency. Fuel cell systems can be designed for both indoor and outdoor installation, and in close proximity to sensitive environments, people, or animals.
The efficiency of these type of fuel cells has risen to 50% in a combined electrical and steam cycle. Types history of the technology the fuel cell concept was first demonstrated by william r. If hydrogen is the fuel, electricity, water, and heat are the only products. Both batteries and fuel cells convert chemical energy into electrical. The key to a hydrogen economy ammonia fuel cell systems. The importance of fuel cells for energy saving purposes is emphasised. May 07, 2016 types of fuel cells, hydrogen fuel cell, advantages, applications slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. This type of fuel cell is typically used for stationary. Some types of fuel cells work well for use in stationary power generation plants. This classification determines the kind of electrochemical reactions that take place in the. This classification determines the kind of electrochemical reactions that take place in the cell, the kind of catalysts required, the temperature range in which the cell operates, the fuel required, and other factors. This can make it difficult for those new to the field to identify the issues associated with fuel cell development. Their applications are wideranging with use found in local stations and power plants, in industry for the highly efficient conversion of waste and biomass materials and in carbon dioxide reduction in all fossilfuelburning processes. Alkaline fuelcell system is one of the first developed fuelcell technology with the simplest structure.
The concept was originally applied solely to those materials capable of releasing chemical energy but has since also been applied to other sources of heat energy such as nuclear energy via nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. The pem fuel cell with compressed hydrogen fuel is the most popular fuel cell type used for backup power applications. Fuel cells do not need to be periodically recharged like batteries, but instead continue to produce electricity as long as a fuel source is provided. Fuel cell definition, working, types, and applications of. The main issue is the co 2 that is produced which will have to be contained and disposed of. Fuel cells are unique in terms of the variety of their potential applications. Since publication of the first edition of fuel cell systems explained, three compelling drivers have supported the continuing development of fuel cell technology. Fuel cells are different from most batteries in requiring a continuous source of fuel and oxygen usually from air to sustain the chemical reaction. Thus, the different types of fuel cells and the working of an alkaline fuel cell are briefly discussed in this article along with some of the applications of these electrochemical cells. Electrolysis setup by application of a voltage across the two electrodes, hydrogen and oxygen could. Fuel cell seminar report with ppt and pdf study mafia. Alkaline fuel cell system is one of the first developed fuel cell technology with the simplest structure. An electrochemical cell is a device that can generate electrical energy from the chemical reactions occurring in it, or use the electrical energy supplied to it to facilitate chemical reactions in it.
Can be used anywhereanytime as long as hydrogen and oxygen are supplied. Hydrogen and fuel cell basics hydrogen and fuel cells nrel. An introduction to fuel cell technology and economics. The researchers also need to compare operation of the system with solar energy and other forms of input energy, such as waste heat from other processes. A section is devoted to fuel generation and storage, which is of paramount importance for the practical aspects of fuel cell use. Many fuel gases are composed of hydrocarbons such as methane or propane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or mixtures thereof. The sofc type allows natural gas reformation directly on the electrode surface. This is because a fuel cell is continuously supplied with fuel and air or oxygen from an external source, whereas a battery contains only.
Creates electricity through electrochemical process. Molten carbonate fuel cell mcfc they operate at 600c and can use co as a fuel input on the cathode side but need hydrogen on the anode. This page contains fuel cell seminar and ppt with pdf report. Fuel gas is any one of a number of fuels that are gaseous under ordinary conditions. Others may be useful for small portable applications or for powering cars. Fuel cells are classified into four types on the basis of the materials used for the electrolyte and are further classified into three types by operating temperature. Fuel cells are classified primarily by the kind of electrolyte they employ.
Dec 15, 2000 next, the different types of fuel cells and their main components are explained and the related material issues are presented. A fuel cell resembles a battery in many respects, but it can supply electrical energy over a much longer period of time. Their applications are wideranging with use found in local stations and power plants, in industry for the highly efficient conversion of waste and biomass materials and in carbon dioxide reduction in all fossil fuel burning processes. In some cases, the reformation can take place directly on the electrode surface, especially methanoltohydrogen. Fuel cells are usually classified by their operating temperature and the type of electrolyte they use. Types and applications of fuel cells fuel cells are divided into different types, based on the electrolyte used. Fuel cell technologies program february 2011 printed with a renewablesource ink on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 10% post consumer waste. Next, the different types of fuel cells and their main components are explained and the related material issues are presented. To learn more about this technology and other related topics, register with byjus and download the mobile application on your smartphone. At present there are several different fuel cell types at various stages of development around the world, and for each fuel cell type there are several designs being pursued by differing industrial players.
The chapter concludes with a summary of the relative merits of each of the primary fuel cell types. A fuel cell uses the chemical energy of hydrogen or another fuel to cleanly and efficiently produce electricity. Finally, zoning for fuel cell systems is easier than other types of dg systems. A fuel cell is like a battery in that it generates electricity from an electrochemical reaction. These fuel cells were initially implemented in small portable electronic devices, such as laptops and cell phones. First fuel cellfirst fuel cell 3 in 1839, william grove, a british jurist and amateur physicist, first discovered the principle of the fuel cell.
Other types of membranes that being researched are. Fuel cell seminar report with ppt and pdf parts of fuel cells there are 4 main parts anode cathode catalyst proton exchange membrane types of. An overview of fuel cells currently under development. Nernst equation for reactant species at equilibrium is. During the late 1880s two british chemistscarl langer and germanborn ludwig monddeveloped a fuel cell with a longer service. In some fuel cell vehicle applications the fuel cells dc power is converted to alternating current ac to run ac induction motors. Increasing the surface area of the cells increases the current. Afcs use a liquid solution of potassium hydroxide koh as an electrolyte that conducts ions between two electrodes. Among a few different fuel cell types, the direct methanol fuel cell dmfc has been known to have advantages especially for portable applications 12.
Individual fuel cells that are combined in series to increase the power generated. Types of fuel cells how fuel cells work howstuffworks. The cathode of one cell is connected the the anode of the next cell. A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel often. Beyond the ability to directly use biomass as a fuel, the new cell also offers advantages in sustainability and potentially lower cost compared to. The most commonly used fuels are natural gas and hydrogen, which is discussed here. View the hydrogen program video on nrels youtube channel to learn more about the basics of nrels hydrogen and fuel cell research and.
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